In order to investigate whether CHIKV had reached Southern Brazil, blood donors of Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo State were tested for anti-CHIKV IgG during an extensive DENV-like outbreak one year later, between January and May 2016. Initially, between January and May 2015, blood donors from Northern Brazil (entry point of CHIKV) were tested for anti-CHIKV IgG at the time of the introduction of the Asian lineage. Therefore, the objective of this study was to perform an anti-CHIKV IgG serosurvey in Brazilian blood donors from two distinct geographic regions and at two different timepoints in order to evaluate the dissemination of CHIKV in Brazil and its transfusion risk. In Brazil, CHIKV has been claimed to cause extensive outbreaks however, there is no study which evaluates the prevalence of anti-CHIKV IgG in blood donors. The circulation of both genotypes in Brazil and in distantly located regions suggests independent routes of viral introduction. The Asian lineage was detected in the small town of Oiapoque (Amapá State, Northern Amazon) located on the French Guyana-Brazilian border, while the ECSA genotype was accidentally discovered in Feira de Santana (Bahia State, Northeast Brazil). 6 By mid-2014, CHIKV autochthonous transmission was confirmed in Brazil in two geographically distinct and distantly located regions. The first cases of autochthonous transmission of CHIKV in the Americas were reported in 2013 on Saint Martin Island in the Caribbean with the virus being rapidly disseminated to other islands and mainland South America.
Although transfusion-transmission of CHIKV has not been documented, a recent report of transmission of RRV by erythrocyte components, 5 demonstrates that transfusion transmission of CHIKV cannot be underestimated. 3 The presence of an asymptomatic/oligosymptomatic course of CHIKV infection and the high pre-symptomatic viral load (approximately 10 8 pfu/mL) 4 suggest that the infection can represent a threat to blood transfusion safety. 2 In about 28% of cases, however, CHIKV infection may remain asymptomatic. Symptoms of infection may include arthritis, myalgia and/or maculopapular rash making the clinical presentation indistinguishable from Dengue (DENV) or Zika (ZIKV) fevers. 1 CHIKV causes extensive outbreaks of acute febrile illness with arthralgia. West African, East/Central/South African (ECSA) and Asiatic. Three CHIKV genotypes have been identified i.e. Due to its similar antigenic properties with other important human alphaviruses such as O’nyong-nyong, Mayaro (MAYV) and Ross River viruses (RRV), CHIKV is additionally classified within the Semliki Forest serocomplex. Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-borne alphavirus belonging to the Togaviridae family.
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