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In the Koine period, these stops became fricatives and were pronounced as (like Spanish b in trabajar), (like English th in this), and / (a bit like gargling in some cases and like English y in year in other cases). In Classical Greek, the voiced stops were pronounced as ( b as in boy), ( d as in do), and ( g as in go). In a few places, it is noted where the "Living Koine" pronunciation (for pedagogical reasons) differs from that of the historical reconstructed pronunciation for Roman Palestinian Koine Greek.įor those interested in a much more in-depth look at the historical phonology of Koine Greek as well as a comprehensive application of this methodology to the data at hand, a number of resources are listed at the bottom of this page (note my own work on the pronunciation of Palestinian Koine Greek). While scholars and experts in the field have known the answer to this question for a long time, those of us just beginning to study Greek, or those of us who are asking questions about which pronunciation is the best for reading/speaking in ancient Greek (Erasmian, Restored Attic, Academic, Living Koine, etc.), it is a rather new question of interest.Īccordingly, in this short video, I attempt to explain methodologically just how exactly we determine how Koine Greek was pronounced based on the evidence from manuscripts, papyri, and inscriptions.įeel free to show this to your students if it would be helpful!Ī brief summary of the pronunciation of Roman Palestinian Koine Greek is outlined below. As someone with a specialty in the historical phonology of Koine Greek and Hebrew in the Late Second Temple Period, I often have to answer the following question: 'how do we know how Koine Greek was pronounced?'